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protest [5pr[Jtest] v./n. 抗议，反对
attempt [E5tempt] v.尝试，试图；（at）企图，努力
terrorist [5terErIst] n.——者
bomb [bCm] n.炸弹v.投弹于，轰炸
community [kE5mju:niti] n.同一地区的全体居民，社会，社区；共同体
rightly [5raItlI] ad. 端正地, 正当地, 正确地, 公正地, 恰当地
alarm [E5lB:m] n.警报；惊恐，惊慌
v.使惊恐，惊动，惊吓；向…报警
objective [Eb5dVektIv] n.目标，目的a.客观的，真实的
arouse [E5rBJz] v.唤醒，唤起；激起，引起
crime [krBim] n.罪行，犯罪
reward [rI5wC:d] n. (for)报酬，赏金，奖赏
v. (for)酬劳，奖赏；酬谢，报答，奖酬
unlikely [Qn 5lBIkli] a.未必的，靠不住的
tempt [tempt] v.诱惑，引诱；吸引，使感兴趣
confront [kEn5frQnt] v.使面临，使遭遇；面对（危险等）
needle [5ni:dl] n.针，指针，针状物
haystack [5heistAk] n. 干草堆
vigorously ad.精神旺盛地，强有力的
safeguard [5seIfgB:d] v.维持，保护，捍卫
n.安全装置，安全措施
violence [5vBI[l[ns] n.暴力，暴行；激烈，猛烈
utter [5QtE] v.说，发出（声音）
a.彻底的，完全的
on behalf of 代表
undertake [9QndE5teIk] v.承担，担任；许诺，保证；着手，从事
distinguish [di5stiNgwiF] v.（from）区别，辨别；辨认了；使杰出
entitle [in5taitl] vt. 给...权利(或资格), 给...题名, 给...称号 v. 授权, 授权
dialog/dialogue [5dBiElCg] n.对话，对白
deserve [di5z[:v] v.应受，值得
say [seI] n.发言权，意见v.说，说明，比方说
establishment [i5stAbliFmEnt] n.建立，设立，建立的机构（或组织）
criminal [5kriminEl] n.罪犯，刑事犯a.犯罪的，刑事的
escape [i5skeip] n.逃跑，逃脱v.逃跑；避开，避免
sympathize /sympathise[5sImpEWaIz] v. (with)同情，怜悯；共鸣，同感
grave [greiv] n.坟墓a.严肃的，庄重的
illegal [i5li:gEl] a.不合法的，非法的
advantage [Ed5vB:ntidV] n.优点，长处，有利条件；利益，好处
appreciate [E5pri:Fieit] v.感谢，感激；正确评价，欣赏，赏识
rarely [5re[li] ad.很少，难得，非常地
typical [5t Ip Ik[l] a.（of）典型的，有代表性的
scale [skeIl] n.刻度,标度;天平,磅秤;比例尺,规模;音阶;鱼鳞
favor /favour n.恩惠，帮助；好感，喜爱
v.赞成，支持，偏爱，偏袒
density [5densiti] n.密集，密度，浓度
apart [E5pB:t] ad.撇开；分开，分离；相距，相隔
resident [5rezId[nt] n.居民，常住者a.居住的
afford [E5fC:d] v.担负得起，买得起，花得起（时间）；供给，给予
carriage [5kAridV] n.（四轮）马车；（火车）客车厢
penetrate [5penItreIt] v.穿过，渗入，看穿
excessively [Ik5sesIvlI] ad. 过分地, 非常地
greenbelt n.绿色地带, 城市周围的
cultivation n.绿色地带, 城市周围的
recreation [9rekri5eIFEn] n.娱乐，消遣
parkway [5pB:kwei] n. 公园道路, 驾车专用道路
accompany [E5kQmpEni] v.陪同，伴随；为…伴奏
strip [strIp] v.剥，剥去n.窄条，条纹
overrun [7EuvE5rQn] n. 泛滥成灾, 超出限度 vt. 蹂躏, 超过, 泛滥 vi. 泛滥, 蔓延
pattern [5pAt[n] n.模式，式样；图案，图样v.仿制，模仿
vastness n.巨大
status [5steIt[s] n.地位，身份；情形，状况
originally [E5ridVEnEli] ad. 最初, 原先
govern [5gQvEn] v.统治，管理；决定，支配
local [5lEJkEl] a.地方的，当地的；局部的
inhabitant [in5hAbitEnt] n.居民，住户
bypass / by-pass [5bBipB:s] n.旁路，迂回的旁道
solely [5sEu(l)li] ad.独自地, 单独地
evident [5evidEnt] a.明显的，明白的
advocate [5AdvEkit] n.提倡者，鼓吹者v.提倡，鼓吹
contradict [9kCntrE5dikt] v.反驳；同…矛盾，同…抵触
prominent [5prCmInEnt] a.突起的，凸出的；突出的，杰出的
academic [9AkE5demik] a.学院的；学术的
promotion [prE5mEuFEn] n. 促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升
underemphasized [9QndEr`emfEsaIz] v. 对...强调不够,对...重视不够
essential [i5senFEl] a.（to）必要的，必不可少的；本质的，基本的
emphasis [5emfEsis] n.强调，重点
distinguish [di5stiNgwiF] v.（from）区别，辨别；辨认了；使杰出
neglect [nI5glekt] v./n. 忽视；疏忽，漏做，忽略
achievement [E5tFi:vmEnt] n. 成就, 功绩
tough [tQf] a.棘手的,困难的；吃苦耐劳的；粗暴的，凶恶的
top [tRp] n.顶（部）；上边，上面；首位，最高位a.最高的
v.高过，超过；到达…顶部
challenge [5tFAlindV] n.挑战（书）；艰巨任务，难题v.向…挑战
dislike [dis5lBik] n./v. 不喜欢，厌恶
mild [mBIld] a.温暖的,暖和的;温和的;轻微的;（烟、酒）味淡的
overall [[JvEr5R:l ] a.全面的，综合的
n. [pl.]（套头）工作服，工作裤
rating [5reitiN] n. 等级级别(尤指军阶), 额定, 责骂, 申斥
exert [ig5z[:t] v.尽（力），施加（压力等）
outstanding [BJt5stAndIN] a.突出的，显著的
combination [9kCmbi5neiFEn] n.结合，联合，合并；化合（物）
vital [5vBItEl] a.生死攸关的，重大的；生命的，生机的
reserve [r I5z[:v] n.储备（物），储藏量，储备金；缄默，谨慎
v.保留，储备；预定，预约
scholar [5skClE] n.学者
investigator [In`vestI^eItE(r)] n. 调查人
pace [peIs] n.步，步伐v.踱步
describe [di5skrBib] v.描述，形容
convey [kEn5vei] v.运送，搬运，转运；传达，传播
simplify [5sImplIfBI] v.简化，使单纯
evaluate [i9vAljU5eit] v.估价，评价；求…的值
objectively [Eb`dVektIvlI,Cb-] ad. 客观地
distinguished [dis5tiN^wiFt] a. 卓著的, 著名的, 高贵的
concentrate [5kCnsEntreit] v.（on）集中，专心；浓缩n.浓缩物
utmost [5QtmEJst] a.最远的；极度的，极端的n.极限，极度，最大可能
elementary [9eli5mentEri] a.初等的；基本的
field work 野外考察，实地考察, 调查工作
treated [5tri:tid] 已处理过的, 精制过的, 加工过的
put upon v.欺骗, 使成为牺牲品
convince [kEn5vins] v.（of）使信服，使确信
solely [5sEu(l)li] ad.独自地, 单独地
queue [kjU:] n.行列，长队v.（up）排队，排队等待
counter [5kBJntE] n.柜台；计数器a./ad.相反（的）V.反对，反击
hint [hint] n.暗示，提示，线索v.暗示，示意
cash register n.<美>收银机, 现金出纳机
occupy[5Ckjupai] vt. 占, 占用, 占领, 占据
menu [5menju:] n.菜单
diminish [di5miniF] v.缩小，减少，递减
put up with v.忍受, 容忍
porter [5pC:tE] n.搬运工人；门房
withdrawn [wiT5drC:n] a. 性格内向的,偏僻的, 孤独的
efficiency [i5fiFEnsi] n. 效率, 功效
profit [5prRfIt] n.利润，收益，益处v. (by, from)得利，获益；利用；有利于
not to mention ad.不必提及
creeping [5kri:piN] n. 爬行 a. 爬行的
threat [W r et] n.恐吓，威胁；坏兆头，危险迹象
kettle [5ketl] n.水壶
teabag n. 袋泡茶
raw [rC:] a.未煮过的，生的；未加工过的，未经训练的
hammer [5hAmE] n.铁锤，槌，榔头v.锤击，敲打
irritation [7iri5teiFEn] n. 愤怒
restore [r I5stR:] v.恢复，使回复；归还，交还；修重，重建
inferior [in5fiEriE] a. (to)下等的，下级的；差的，次的n.下级，晚辈
privilege [5prIvIlIdV] n.特权，优惠，特许v.给予优惠，给予特权
considerate [kEn5sidErit] a.考虑周到的，体谅的
demanding [dI5mB:ndIN] a. 过分要求的, 苛求的
extra [5ekstrE] a.额外的，附加的n.附加物，额外的东西
deliberate [di5libErit] a.深思熟虑的，故意的
understaffing [`QndE9stB:fIN] n. 人员(或职员)配备不足
attribute [E5tr ibju:t] n.属性，品质，特征v.（to）把…归于；认为…是…所为
alternative [C:l5t[:nEtiv] a.两者挑一的
n.可供选择的事物，替换物，选择对象
utilize /utilise [5jU:tIlBIz] v.利用
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car bomb.
The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need is that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step of offering a reward of 10,000 pounds for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.
That is why the intellectual (知识分子) community in Britain and elsewhere must act more vigorously in its own defense. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairmen and chairwomen of these organizations to utter placatory (安抚的) statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would not be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.
21. The words "these developments" (Para. 2, Line 1) most probably refer to ______.
(A) the acts of violence against scientists
(B) the use of animals in research
(C) the techniques of planting bombs in cars
(D) the establishment of new animal protection organization
22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
(A) The police abandoned their efforts to find the criminals.
(B) The terrorists escaped with the help of their organizations.
(C) The attempted murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.
(D) People sympathized murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.
23. The author's purpose in writing his article is to demand that animal-protecting organizations ____.
(A) declare their objectives clearly
(B) give up the use of violence
(C) continue the dialogue with the scientific community
(D) help to find those responsible for the attempted murder
24. In the author's opinion _____.
(A) since people can lie, the problem about their rights of scientists can't be solved.
(B) animal-protecting organizations about be held responsible for acts of violence against scientists
(C) animal protection organizations should be declared illegal
(D) the scientists should take effective measures to protect themselves
25. What does the word "they" (Para. 3, Line 3) refer to?
(A) The animal-protecting organizations.
(B) The organizations that will talk with the research community.
(C) Those who support the use of animals in research.
(D) Those who support the animal-protection organizations.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The earlier type of suburb, which wa——ost dependent on the railroad, had a special advantage that could be fully appreciated only after it had disappeared. These suburbs, spread out along a railroad line, were discontinuous and properly spaced; and without the aid of legislation (法规) they were limited in population as well as area; for the biggest rarely held a——any as ten thousand people, and under five thousand wa——ore usual. In 1950, for example, Bronxville, New York, a typical upper-class suburb, had 6778 people, while Riverside, Illinois, founded as early as 1869, had only 9153.
The size and scale of the suburb, that of neighborhood unit, was not entirely the result of its open planning, which favored low densities. Being served by a railroad line, with station stops from three to five miles apart, there was a natural limit to the spread of any particular community. House had to be sited "within easy walking distance of the railroad station," as some old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.
Through its spaced station stops, the railroad suburb was at first kept from spreading or excessively increasing in numbers, for a natural greenbelt, often still under cultivation as park, gardens, remained between the suburbs and increased the available recreation area. Occasionally, in a few happy areas like Westchester, between 1915 and 1935 a parkway, like the Bronx River parkway, accompanied by continuous strip of park for pedestrian (散步的人) use, not yet overrun by a constant stream of urban traffic, added to the perfection of the whole suburban pattern. Whatever one might say of the social disadvantages this was in many ways a perfect physical environment. But it lasted less than a generation.
26. What was the special advantage of the old type of suburb?
(A) Its nearness to the railroad.
(B) The vastness of its open space.
(C) Its small size in area and population.
(D) The high social status of its residents.
27. The size of the old suburb was limited because _____.
(A) people wanted to live near a railroad station
(B) it was originally planned by railroad companies
(C) there was a law governing the size of the suburb
(D) local inhabitants didn't like to out in the country
28. "Happy areas" (Para 3, Line 3) were areas where _____.
(A) life was enjoyed by everyone
(B) more roads were built to bypass the heavy traffic
(C) a greenbelt was available solely for recreation
(D) people could have lots of fun
29. It is evident that the writer _____.
(A) finds urban life uncomfortable
(B) prefers life in the countryside
(C) feels disappointed in the changes of suburbs
(D) advocates the idea of returning to nature
30. The topic discussed in the passage is "_____".
(A) the size and scale of suburban neighborhood units
(B) the advantage of old-type suburbs
(C) the location of railroad stations
(D) the concept of the suburban pattern
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.
Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.
Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.
A——odern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually "made" in the elementary schools, scientists can be "lost" by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called "distinguished research investigators" or something else.
The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.
31. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?
(A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.
(B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.
(C) Research can never be emphasized too much.
(D) The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.
32. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because _____.
(A) research improves the quality of teaching
(B) students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors
(C) it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively
(D) professor with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough
33. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?
(A) Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.
(B) The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.
(C) It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.
(D) The rapid developments of modern science make it impossible to combine teaching with research.
34. The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do _____.
(A) teaching (B) field work (C) scientific research (D) investigation
35. The phrase "the problem" (Para. 5, Line 3) refers to _____.
(A) raising the status of teaching
(B) the combination of teaching with research
(C) the separations of teaching from research
(D) improving the status of research
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happened to be that put upon member of society---a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I'm convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto (座右铭) for the so-called 'service' organization-Staff Before Service. How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there aren't enough staff on duty at all the service counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to increase counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that bringing all their cash registers into operation at any time would increase expenses. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service counters to be occupied at times when demand is low.
It's the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is diminished. As for us guests ( and how the meaning of that word has been cut away little by little), we just have to put up with it. There's also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been gradually withdrawn from service in the interests of 'efficiency' (i.e. profits) and replaced by coin-eating machines which supply everything from beer to medicine, not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making set in your room: a kettle with teabags, milk bags sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I don't, especially when I am paying for 'service'.
Our only hope is to hammer our irritation whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, restore that other, older saying-Take Our Custom (买卖)Elsewhere.
36. The author feels that nowadays customers are _____.
(A) not worthy of special treatment
(B) not provided with proper service
(C) considered to be inferior members of society
(D) regarded as privileged
37. In the author's opinion, the quality of service is changing because _____.
(A) the staff are less considerate than employers
(B) customers are becoming more demanding
(C) customers unwilling to pay extra money
(D) more consideration is given to the staff than customers
38. According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by _____.
(A) the diminishing supply of good staff
(B) lack of cooperation among staff
(C) inefficient staff
(D) deliberate understaffing
39. The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that ____.
(A) self-service provides a cheaper alternative
(B) the personal touch is less appreciated nowadays
(C) machines are more reliable than human beings
(D) few people are willing to do this type of work
40. The author's final solution to the problem discussed in the passage is ____.
(A) to put up with whatever service is provided
(B) to make strong complaints wherever necessary
(C) to fully utilize all kinds of coin-eating machines
(D) to go where good service is available 根据以下文章回答21到25题。
（21）在英国，反对使用动物进行研究的抗议已经呈现出了一个令人可怕的特征，两名英国科学家差点被人用预先放置的汽车炸弹这一——手段谋杀。
（22）研究团体必须对这些发展势头提高警惕，那些人的目的有两个：引起公众的关注和恐吓那些用动作做研究的人。首先要做的是尽一切努力来找到制造这一犯罪事件的人，并把他们投入监狱。防卫研究协会已采取了实际措施，他们悬赏1万英镑寻找有关犯罪分子的消息，但过去的经验无法令人信心百倍。人们不可能对这样的悬赏感兴趣。专业警察也同样面临着类似大海捞针的难题。
（24）这就是英国和其它地方的知识分子团体必须采取更加强有力的措施来悍卫自己的原因。（23）（25）他们可以采取几个措施，其中最重要的一项是要求那些声称保护动物权益的组织清楚地表明关于对参与研究的人们使用暴力这一问题上他们的立场。这些组织的领导人仅仅代表他们的成员讲一些安抚的话是远远不够的。这些人还必须声明，这将作为延续他们的组织成员资格的一个考察条件，他们的成员和未来的成员将不会参与针对人的暴力对抗活动。即使这样的承诺也不会完全有效，毕竟人是会撒谎的。但这至少可以将那些不断在和研究团体进行关于被用于研究的动物权益的对话中表达自己观点的组织与那些不发表观点的组织区分开来。
21.“这些发展势头”（第二段第一行）指的是_______。
A)针对科学家的暴力行为
B)利用动物作研究
C)在汽车中安置炸弹的技术
D)新的动物保护组织的成立
22.根据本文，下列哪个选项是对的？
A)警方放弃了寻找罪犯的努力。
B)在组织帮助下，恐怖分子逃跑了。
C)谋杀未遂引起了英国科学家的极度恐慌。
D)人们同情那个使英国科学家极度恐慌的谋杀犯。
23.作者写作本文是为了要求那些动物保护组织_______。
A)清楚地阐明他们的目标
B)放弃使用暴力
C)继续与科学团体对话
D)帮助寻找谋杀未遂的犯罪分子
24.在所者看来_______。
A)由于人会撒谎，所以关于科学家的权利的问题便无法解决
B)针对科学家的暴力行为应该由动物保护组织负责
C)动物保护组织应该被判为非法组织
D)科学家应采取有效措施保护自己
25. “他们”（第三段第七行）指的是_______。
A)动物保护组织
B)将与研究团体展开对话的组织
C)那些支持在研究中使用动物的人
D)那些支持动物保护组织的人
根据以下文章回答26到30题。
早期的郊区，在很大程度上依赖铁路，有一个特别的优势，这个优势只有在它消失之后才被充分认识。（26）这些郊区，随着铁路延伸，但并不连接在一起，郊区之间的距离适中，由于没有在法律上得不到支持，它们在地域和人口上都很有限，最大的郊区也不到1万人口，更多的都只有不到5000人。例如纽约的Bronxville在1950年还是一个典型的上流阶层聚居的郊区，有6778人，而建于1869年的伊里诺斯州的Riverside，共有9153人。
郊区和社区单元的面积和规模，不完全是其偏重于低密度的没有界限的规划的结果。由于要靠铁路，而铁路上每隔3至5英里才有一个车站，这就成了每个单个的社区的扩展的自然限制。（27）就像一些老居民常常指出的那样，房子必须坐落于在“可以很容易步行至火车站的距离内”。只有那些富贵人家，买得起马和马车，才敢于在更远处的开阔乡间修建房屋。
通过相距较远的车站，一开始就能防止铁路边上的郊区过度扩张或数目过多，因为要在郊区之间保留一个自然的绿化带，常常是一些仍然需要人工种植的公园、花园，并增加可用于娱乐的场地。有时，（28）在少数人间乐土，比如1915年至1935年间的花园走廊Westchester，像Bronx河的花园大道一样，有一连串的公园供人们享用，自然的景致还没有被城市繁忙的车流淹没，使整个郊区的环境更趋美好。不论人们怎样谈论这样做对社会的不利影响，从许多方面讲，这种郊区的确是完美的自然环境。（29）但它持续了还不到一代人的时间。
26.早期的郊区的一个特殊优点是什么？
A)靠近铁路。
B)大量的开阔的空地。
C)面积较小，人口较少
D)居民的社会地位很高。
27.早期的郊区的面积往往比较小，是因为_______。
A)人们想住在火车站附近
B)起初它是由铁路公司规划的
C)有一部法律规划郊区的面积
D)当地居民不愿意离开背井离乡
28.“乐土”（第三段第六行）指的是_______。
A)每个人都能享受生活
B)建设更多的道路以绕开繁忙的车流
C)绿化带仅供娱乐之用
D)人们有很多的乐趣
29.很明显，作者________.
A)发现都市生活不舒服
B)更喜欢乡村生活
C)对郊区的变化感到很失望
D)提倡回归自然的理念
30.本文主要讨论的话题是_______。
A)郊区附近的居民单元的面积和规模
B)早期的郊区的优势
C)火车站的地点
D)郊区模式的概念
根据以下文章回答31到35题。
最近报纸和杂志上的一些文章指出，教学和研究是相互冲突的，在学术提拔制度中，研究的角色过于显著，而教学被严重低估了。（31）在这些论述中有一点是对的，但他们也忽视了更深层更重要的联系。
在研究型大学，研究经历是雇用和提拔人员时的基本因素，因为对研究的重视将这样类型的大学与其它文科大学区分开来。然而一些教授为了研究忽视教学，这也是一个问题。
（32）大多数研究型大学奖励杰出的教学人员，但通常最重要的认可是研究成果。部分原因是很难对教学作出评价。一个高度负责和严格的教授往往被那些敢于接受挑战的尖子生所推崇，但成绩不好的学生却不喜欢他。一个和善的教授往往普遍受到好评，但部分最优秀的学生会有些失望，尤其是那些本应受到最大挑战的学生。因此，一个大学若想主要以教学质量的高低来决定是否提升一名教授，它便会面对这样的困境。
随着科学进步的速度加快，教授面临双重压力，一方面需要时间来钻研课题，另一方面需要时间来教授知识。新一代科学家的培养使研究型大学和文科大学都需要粟出的教学。虽然科学家往往是在小学就被“造就”出来的，但科学家仍有可能在大学或研究生院的层次被低劣的教学水平给毁了。（33）解决办法不是把教学和研究分开而是认识到二者结合是很难的但又是至关重要的。（34）教授头衔只能授予那些精于授课的人。或许是到了大学为那些愿意热心成为一名学者的人保留教授头衔的时候了。那些不愿教学的教授可被称为“杰出的研究人员”或别的什么。
现代科学前进的步伐使得同时成为一名研究研究者和一名教师越来越困难。然而许多人仍被赋予那样的称谓。那些声称我们可以将教学和研究分开的人真的不了解大学体系，（35）而那些认为问题终将不存在的人则没有尽到他们的责任。
31.第一段中作者想表达_________.
A)高估教学的重要性是错误的
B)教学与研究之间是相互矛盾的
C)研究永远不能被过多地强调
D)教学与研究之间的关系不应被简化
32.研究型大学在学术提拔中更看重研究的部分原因是_________。
A)研究提高了教学的质量
B)喜欢挑战的学生感激研究教授
C)很难客观地评价教学质量
D)很难客观地评价教学质量
33.根据第四段，作者可能同意下述哪项表述？
A)研究学校中出色的教授应该只专注于研究。
B)将教学从研究中分割出来会降低未来科学家的素质。
C)为培养科学家提高小学教学质量是最重要的事情。
D)现代科学的飞速发展使教学与研究的结合成为天方夜谭。
34.教授头衔应优先授予那些做_______工作的人。
A)教学
B)实践工作
C)科学研究
D)调研工作
35.第五段第5行的“问题”指_________。
A)提高教学的地位
B)教学与研究的结
C)将教学从研究中分离出来
D)提高研究的地位
根据以下文章回答36到40题。
（36）我对自己被当作二等公民对待这一点已经受够了，就因为我碰巧成了社会中被骗成员的一份子-----消费者。像商场、饭店、银行、邮局、火车站、机场及类似这种地方我去得越多，就越觉得这些设施都只是为方便公司、集体或团体而设计经营的。（37）对于那些所谓的“服务”机构，似乎有了一个新的座右铭，即方便职员优先于服务。比如多少次你会在邮局或超市因为服务缺少足够的职员当班而排上几小时的队？目前高失业率的情况下显然是完全有可能增加柜台人手的。（38）然而超市却声称增加人手会提高商业成本，实际上是暗示商品涨价。而邮局则宣称我们不能指望“在如此低需求的情况下”所有的服务柜台都有人。
饭店也是一样。因为侍者和厨子在他们方便的时候就休息了，所以餐厅关得早，菜单品种减少。至于我们这些顾客（这个词含义已被剥夺得余下少之又少），只有忍耐。（39）还有关于为了效率（例如利润）而逐渐减少酒店许多友好的夜间服务员，换上供应从啤酒到药片等所有东西的投币机器的胡扯，更别提那些你房间里的煮荷设备带来的隐患：就一个开水壶和几袋茶叶，外加袋奶和方糖。谁想早晨醒业就对着包没煮的茶叶呢？我不想，特别是当我为“服务”付钱的时候。
（40）我们的惟一希望就是尽可能随时随地控制我们的不满，如果这些全都失败了，就换个地方，老话说得好，换个地方做买卖。
36.作者感到当前顾客的状况是________。
A)不值得特殊对待
B)没有得到合理的服务
C)被当作是社会低等公民
D)被认为具有特权
37.在作者看来为什么服务质量改变了是因为________。
A)员工没有雇主周到体贴
B)消费者要求越来越多
C)消费者不愿支付额外的金钱
D)给员工的照顾比给消费者的多
38.根据作者的意思，在柜台前排长队是因为______。
A)优秀员工供给的减少
B)员工缺乏合作
C)效率不高的员工
D)故意造成的员工不足
39.旧式的饭店门房服务减少是由于________。
A)自我服务是一种更为省钱的替代方式
B)当今人们不在欣赏个人服务
C)机器比人类更加可靠
D)很少有人愿意做这类工作
40.文中作者对被讨论的问题的最后的建议是________。
A)无论得到什么样的服务都去忍受
B)必要的时候提出强烈的抱怨
C)充分利用各种投币机器
D)去能够获得优质服务的地方
以上为1993年1月六级阅读试题
21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. A
---------------网友：娃哈哈 发布时间：2007-7-20 9:56:00